In State v. Hale, 3d Dist. Marion County, 2023-Ohio-980, Hale was in big trouble, but this note is not about that.
Hale’s aggravated vehicular homicide charge was elevated to a F1 because it was alleged that he was, at the time of the offense, “…driving under a suspension…imposed under Chapter 4510 or any other provision of the Revised Code.” He was also charged with driving under a 12-point suspension under R.C. 4510.037(J) and driving under an FRA suspension in violation of R.C. 4510.16(A). At trial, Hale was found guilty of the homicide and both underlying (and elevating) suspensions and sentenced on an F1.
On appeal Hale argued the evidence that he was driving under suspension was insufficient and that his conviction on the F1 must be vacated due to a lack of prerequisite for enhancement. Without the enhancement the homicide would have been an F2.
The Court of Appeals noted that Hale’s 12-point suspension period ended on December 19, 2017 and the homicide occurred on September 27, 2020. It said the six-month 12 pt. suspension imposed under R.C. 4510.037 and R.C. 4510.02(B) is terminated by operation of law upon the completion of the period of suspension. Compliance with the reinstatement requirements of R.C. 4510.038(A)(1)-(3) is not the event that terminates a 12-point suspension.[1] Hale later failed to continue to maintain proof of FR, which is one of the reinstatement requirements he originally complied with. Thus, at the time of the homicide he was driving without having maintained proof of FR. However, his failure to maintain proof of FR did not “reanimate his 12-point suspension such that he could be convicted of driving under a 12-point suspension.”
Hale was not out of the woods on the F1 as he was also convicted of driving under a FRA suspension in violation of R.C. 4510.16(A).
The Court of Appeals determined that since Hale’s insurance was cancelled effective August 23, 2020 and the homicide happened on September 27, 2020 Hale was under an FRA suspension because his proof of FR filed under 4509.01 to 4509.78 no longer fulfilled the purposes for which it was required. According to the Court, that required the BMV to suspend Hale’s license pending the filing of such other proof under R.C. 4509.66. Thus, the court affirmed his conviction for driving under an FRA suspension and the F1 homicide.
I am curious about the FRA suspension conviction. Under R.C. 4509.16 if the period of suspension is over the only way you can be convicted under that statute is if you are required to file proof of FR with the BMV and you have not done so as of the time of operation. In Hale’s case, his filing requirement arose from a 12-point suspension. That suspension is a Class D under R.C. 4510.02(B)(4). Because of that suspension Hale was required to give and maintain (file) proof of FR in accordance with R.C. 4509.45. Under R.C. 4509.45(D) proof of FR shall be maintained for three years from the date of the Registrar’s imposition of the Class D suspension.[2]
Hale’s 12-point suspension ended on December 19, 2017 so it was obviously imposed before that. The homicide was on September 27, 2020. The appellate opinion does not state when the 12-point suspension was imposed. If imposed prior to September 27, 2017 Hale was no longer required to file proof of FR and would not have been subject to a conviction under R.C. 4510.16 and his F1 would have been an F2.
THE ALS AND A 5 DAY HEARING IN CLEVELAND MUNI
Sometimes the Cleveland police will arrest a person for OVI and give the person a citation which contains a date, within 5 business days of the citation, to appear on the 3rd Floor for the initial appearance. However, if the police do not promptly file the citation with the clerk’s office the date given becomes a “ghost” date. The unwitting defendant might show up in court and find out he is not on the docket. Once the citation is filed the clerk will mail him a notice of his initial appearance, which will be later than 5 business days after the arrest.
In City of Cleveland v. Oliver, 8th Dist., Cuyahoga County, 2024-Ohio-1477 the court of appeals said that the trial court should not have dismissed an OVI for failure to hold an initial appearance within 5 days of arrest as required under R.C. 4511.192(D)(2) and R.C.4511.196(A). In reaching that conclusion the court stated that the 5-day requirement is not a speedy trial right, but the trial court treated it as such in dismissing the OVI.
Of interest was the court’s statement that it agrees with the reasoning and analysis of cases which distinguished the civil and criminal ramifications of failing to hold a 5-day hearing in an OVI case. That included a case in which the court denied a motion to dismiss the OVI charge due to a failure to provide a 5-day hearing but held, however, that failure to timely hold the hearing deprives the defendant of due process as related to the ALS. That court, therefore, terminated the ALS based on the failure to hold an initial appearance within 5 days of the issuance of the citation. Oliver should be cited in any case in Cuyahoga County where an ALS is imposed and the defendant is not provided an initial appearance within 5 business days of arrest.
PROOF OF PRIOR CONVICTIONS (OVI AND DUS) WHEN PRIOR ELEVATES THE DEGREE OF OFFENSE OR IS AN ELEMENT OF THE OFFENSE
In State v. Miller, 2nd District, Darke County, 2024-Ohio-2009, the state charged the defendant with OVI and 5 prior OVI convictions within the previous 20 years, a F4. He was also charged with DUS.
At trial the state introduced an uncertified copy of the Defendant’s LEADS driving record to prove he was driving under suspension and the 5 prior OVI’s. Counsel objected, the court allowed the evidence and later overruled the defendant’s R. 29 Motion based on insufficient evidence of the priors. In essence, counsel argued that an uncertified LEADS printout is not sufficient to prove a conviction. The defendant was convicted and appealed.
A defendant and the state can stipulate to a prior conviction. Otherwise, whenever it is necessary to prove a prior conviction, “a certified copy of the Entry of Judgment in such prior conviction together with evidence sufficient to identify the defendant named in the Entry as the offender in the case at bar, is sufficient to prove such prior conviction.” R.C. 2945.75(B)(1). Alternatively, whenever it is necessary to prove a prior conviction “of an offense for which the Registrar of Motor Vehicles maintains a record, a certified copy of the record that shows the name, date of birth, and social security number of the accused is prima facie evidence of the identity of the accused and prima-facie evidence of all prior convictions shown on the Record.” R.C. 2945.75(B)(2).
The court of appeals reversed the trial court on the ground that the evidence was insufficient to prove the priors. It remanded the matter for resentencing after modifying the conviction to a M1 OVI.
NOTE:
Relevant evidence is evidence having any tendency to make the existence of any fact that is of consequence to the determination of the action more probable or less probable than it would be without the evidence. Evid. R. 401
Hearsay Exception. Records…of public offices or agencies, setting forth (a) the activation of the office or agency are not excluded by the hearsay rule. Evid. R. 803(8)
Authentication. A record can be authenticated or identified by the testimony of witnesses with knowledge (Evid. R. 901(B)(1)) and self authenticated if it is a certified copy of a public record (Evid. R. 902(4)).
When it is necessary to prove a prior conviction, it can be done by certified copy as set forth in R.C. 2945.75(B)(1) and (2).
[1] R.C. 4510.21 is an offense called failure to reinstate. It is violated if a person’s period of suspension has expired but the reinstatement requirements have not been met and the person is operating a motor vehicle. 2 point offense. Discretionary Class 7 suspension.
[2] The three year filing requirement begins on the date the underlying suspension is imposed, not the date it ends.